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Apptainer 사용법
컨테이너란?
- vmware로 대표되는 가상화 기술과는 다른 모듈식으로 프로그램을 격리하여 운영할 수 있는 기술입니다.
- 해상 운송에서 사용하는 컨테이너에서 이름을 따왔으며 OS 환경과 독립적으로 모듈식으로 설치하고 실행할 수 있습니다.
- 하드웨어 및 OS 계층을 두지 않고 프로세스만 격리하기 때문에 기존의 가상화 기술에 비해 실행속도가 월등히 빠릅니다.
- 대표적인 컨테이너 프로그램으로 docker(https://www.docker.com) 가 있습니다.
컨테이너의 장점?
- 프로그램의 배포 및 설치가 쉽습니다.
- 해당 프로그램용으로 이미 구축된 이미지를 배포하고 그 이미지를 이용해서 바로 원하는 프로그램을 실행할 수 있습니다.
- 이 부분에서 가상화 환경의 이미지와 비슷해보이나 월등이 작은 저장공간만을 사용하고 실행 속도 또한 빠릅니다.
- OS 환경과 독립적인 실행환경을 구축할 수 있습니다.
- ex) Scientific Linux 6 환경에서 Centos 7 환경에서 컴파일된 프로그램을 실행할 수 있습니다. 그 반대도 가능합니다.
- 격리 환경이므로 사용자 프로그램간의 간섭을 최소화 할 수 있습니다.
Apptainer란?
Apptainer (https://apptainer.org/) 과학 연산에 적합하게 만들어진 컨테이너 프로그램입니다. 과학연산 작업을 수행할때 docker보다 더 빠른 속도를 보여줍니다.
기본 사용법
exec
apptainer exec 컨테이너이미지 실행명령
- 준비된 이미지를 이용하여 단일 프로그램이나 스크립트를 실행합니다.
shell
apptainer shell 컨테이너이미지
- 컨테이너 안에 interactive shell을 생성합니다.
사용 예제
apptainer를 이용하여 el9 프로그램 실행하기
$ source /cvmfs/cms.cern.ch/cmsset_default.sh $ cmssw- cmssw-alma8 cmssw-cc7 cmssw-cs8 cmssw-el5 cmssw-el7 cmssw-el9 cmssw-rocky8 cmssw-ubi8 cmssw-cc6 cmssw-cc8 cmssw-cs9 cmssw-el6 cmssw-el8 cmssw-env cmssw-slc6 $ cmssw-el9 Singularity> cat /etc/redhat-release AlmaLinux release 9.4 (Seafoam Ocelot)
- cmssw-el8, cmssw-slc6 등 본인이 원하는 환경을 실행할 수 있습니다.
- 처음 실행할 때는 이미지를 다운로드 받기 때문에 시간이 걸릴수 있습니다.
crab3 실행
# CMSSW 설치
$ set SCRAM_ARCH=slc6_amd64_gcc481 // 아키텍쳐 설정 $ scramv1 list CMSSW | grep CMSSW_7_2_ // CMSSW 조회 $ scramv1 project CMSSW CMSSW_7_2_1 // CMSSW 설치
# crab 환경 설정
$ source /cvmfs/cms.cern.ch/cmsset_default.sh $ cmsenv $ source /cvmfs/cms.cern.ch/crab3/crab.sh
# 작업 설정
$ vi crab3config.py $ vi job.py
# Grid proxy 생성
$ voms-proxy-init --voms cms
# 작업 실행
$ crab submit -c crab3config.py
# 작업 조회
$ crab status
tensorflow 실행하기
shell
$ apptainer shell \
> --home $PWD:/srv \
> --bind /cvmfs \
> --contain --ipc --pid \
> /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/opensciencegrid/tensorflow:latest/
Singularity :~>
Singularity :~> python3
Python 3.6.9 (default, Jan 26 2021, 15:33:00)
[GCC 8.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import os
>>> os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2'
>>>
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>>
>>> hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!')
>>> print(hello.numpy())
b' Hello, TensorFlow!'
>>>
>>> a = tf.constant(15)
>>> b = tf.constant(10)
>>> result = a + b
>>> print(result.numpy())
25
>>> quit()
Singularity :~>
Singularity :~> exit
$
- 위의 각 명령 실행시 cvmfs local cache에 관련 파일들이 다운로드 되어있지 않다면 많은 시간이 소요될 수 있습니다. 파일을 받았다면 두번째 부터는 빠르게 실행됩니다.
exec
$ cat HelloTensorflow.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
import os
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2'
import tensorflow as tf
hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!')
print(hello.numpy())
a = tf.constant(15)
b = tf.constant(10)
result = a + b
print(result.numpy())
$ apptainer exec \ > --home $PWD:/srv \ > --bind /cvmfs \ > --contain --ipc --pid \ > /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/opensciencegrid/tensorflow:latest \ > ./HelloTensorflow.py 'Hello, TensorFlow!' 25 $
- shell 예제와 동일한 python 코드를 파일로 만들어 실행합니다.
CVMFS singularity.opensciencegrid.org repository에서 제공하고 있는 Apptainer 이미지
2024년 6월 현재 CVMFS singularity.opensciencegrid.org repository에서 제공하고 있는 Apptainer 이미지는 다음과 같습니다. 계속해서 업데이트 되니 본인에게 필요한 이미지가 있는지 확인해보세요.
$ ls -Rt /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/ /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/: pycbc eicweb chunshen1987 rocker lscsoft opencarp jasonkwan xenonnt opensciencegrid htc igwn library jeffersonlab cmssw rasa rjones30 teamcompas star-bnl fermilab physino anniesoft mythril mjanssen2308 jetscape valetov engineren reedcompbio chiehlin0212 novaexperiment npcooley electronioncollider computing icecube redtopexp e1039 intel xevra amnh 4ndr85 wipac cnatzke sickleinafrica bayeswave drtmfigy matyasosg ecpe4s nathanjmcl egoodman cody.messick yannick.lecoeuche snax sylabsio nvidia pytorch lammps gromacs continuumio mintproject ankushumn nnesquivelr biocontainers xwcl houpengg ncbi comses jcha40 ericmjonas gapscr jagault lmlepin9 michaelwcoughlin snowmass21software opengatecollaboration tylern4 nguyenatrowan dananjaya92 amitkr2410 bardelch luxzeplin jinnian beckermr notredamedulac agitter nrstickley ehtcon ttrent808 eventhorizontelescope fasthep wrenchproject rtikid egstern mu2e lucarvirgo atanasi htcondor astrand brainlife chaitanyaafle duncanabrown sugwg cyverse evolinc jbustamante35 discoenv dajunluo nxdens nipreps poldracklab markito3 atlas lincolnbryant cmsl1tanalysis clelange kreczko efajardo bbockelm raygunkennesaw argonneeic whit2333 rhughwhite lifebitai ppaschos yxfu93 weiphy weiminghu123 vedularaghu syavuz sswiston ssrujanaa snirgaz sjmay showmic09 shilpac researchcomputing relugzosiraba rafaelnalin parabola505 npavlovikj npanicker nkern nipy molssi mfrayer m8zeng leofang k3jph kai2019 justbennet jml230 jonlam jiahe58 jborrel00 jasoncpatton jamessaxon huckb habg goodgolden5 grassla evbauer econtal dmbala clkwisconsin christinalk cathrine98 cailmdaley bpschenke blibgober blaylockbk arnaudbecheler areias arburks amogan agladstein adwasser aahong deltarod krespicio djw8605 foldingathome lukasheinrich ssthapa rynge rinnocente pegasus paesanilab ml4gw alec.gunny fastml alan.knee echoes-model-independent lmxbcrosscorr rhys.poulton tessa.carver rodrigo.tenorio james-clark joshua.willis chekanov aei-tgr cwinpy matthew-pitkin patrickrmiles scipp-atlas rucio /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/pycbc: pycbc-el8:latest pycbc-el8:v2.3.7 pycbc-el8:v2.3.6 pycbc-el8:v2.3.5 pycbc-el8:v2.3.4 pycbc-el8:v2.3.3 pycbc-el8:v2.3.2 pycbc-el8:v2.3.1 pycbc-el8:v2.3.0 pycbc-el7:v1.18.3 pycbc-el7:v1.16.12 /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/eicweb: eic_xl:nightly jug_xl:nightly jug_xl:24.05-stable jug_xl:24.05.2-stable eic_xl:24.05-stable eic_xl:24.05.2-stable jug_xl:24.05.0-stable eic_xl:24.05.0-stable jug_xl:24.04-stable jug_xl:24.04.0-stable eic_xl:24.04-stable eic_xl:24.04.0-stable jug_xl:24.03.1-stable eic_xl:24.03.1-stable jug_xl:24.03-stable jug_xl:24.03.0-stable eic_xl:24.03-stable eic_xl:24.03.0-stable jug_xl:24.02.1-stable jug_xl:24.02-stable jug_xl:24.02.0-stable jug_xl:23.12-stable jug_xl:23.12.0-stable jug_xl:23.11.0-stable jug_xl:23.11-stable jug_xl:23.10.0-stable jug_xl:23.10-stable jug_xl:23.09-stable jug_xl:23.09.1-stable jug_xl:23.09.0-stable jug_xl:main-epic-main-stable jug_xl:master-epic-main-stable jug_xl:23.08-stable jug_xl:23.08.0-stable jug_xl:unstable-mr-369-514-epic-main-stable jug_xl:eic-container-set-juggler-version-epic-main-stable jug_xl:23.07.2-stable jug_xl:23.07.1-stable jug_xl:23.07.0-stable jug_xl:23.06.1-stable jug_xl:23.06.0-stable jug_xl:23.05.2-stable jug_xl:23.05.1-stable jug_xl:23.05.0-stable jug_xl:unstable-mr-369-512-epic-main-stable jug_xl:3.0-stable jug_xl:4.0-acadia-stable jug_xl:4.0-deathvalley-stable jug_xl:4.0-deathvalley-1.5T-stable jug_xl:4.0-canyonlands-stable jug_xl:4.0-main-stable jug_xl:22.11-stable jug_xl:22.11-main-stable jug_xl:22.12-main-stable jug_xl:23.02-main-stable ... <중략> ... /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/library: python:latest julia:latest ubuntu:latest busybox:latest r-base:latest rockylinux:8 alpine:latest gcc:latest debian:unstable debian:testing debian:stable debian:latest fedora:latest openjdk:9 openjdk:8 openjdk:latest python:2.7 python:3.4 centos:centos7 centos:centos6 centos:latest /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/jeffersonlab: gluex_prod:v1 clas12software:devel clas12software:production gluex_devel:latest japan:develop japan:latest remoll:develop remoll:latest /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/cmssw: cms:rhel8-itb-ppc64le cms:rhel9-itb-aarch64 cms:rhel8-ppc64le cms:rhel9-aarch64 cms:rhel8-itb-aarch64 cms:rhel9-itb-x86_64 cms:rhel8-itb-x86_64 cms:rhel9-itb cms:rhel8-itb cms:rhel8-aarch64 cms:rhel9-x86_64 cms:rhel8-x86_64 cms:rhel9 cms:rhel8 cms:rhel7-itb-x86_64 cms:rhel6-itb-x86_64 cms:rhel7-x86_64 cms:rhel6-x86_64 cms:rhel8-m-m20230425 cms:rhel8-m20200825 cms:rhel8-m20200828 cms:rhel8-m20200904 cms:rhel8-m20200919 cms:rhel8-m20200918 cms:rhel8-m20201009 cms:rhel8-m20201030 cms:rhel8-m20201106 cms:rhel8-m20201113 cms:rhel8-m20210227 cms:rhel8-m20210326 cms:rhel8-m20210423 cms:rhel8-m20210518 cms:rhel8-m20210604 cms:rhel8-m20210611 cms:rhel8-m20210617 cms:rhel8-m20210625 cms:rhel8-m20210702 cms:rhel8-m20210716 cms:rhel8-m20210723 cms:rhel8-m20210915 cms:rhel8-m20210917 cms:rhel8-m20211001 cms:rhel8-m20211005 cms:rhel8-m20211014 cms:rhel8-m20211112 cms:rhel8-m20211126 cms:rhel8-m20211202 cms:rhel8-m20211210 cms:rhel8-m20220114 cms:rhel8-m20220121 cms:rhel8-m20220128 cms:rhel8-m20220204 cms:rhel8-m20220211 cms:rhel8-m20220218 cms:rhel8-m20220306 cms:rhel8-m20220316 cms:rhel8-m-m20220323 cms:rhel8-m20220325 cms:rhel8-m20220331 cms:rhel8-m20220401 cms:rhel8-m-m20220407 cms:rhel8-m20220415 cms:rhel8-m20220427 cms:rhel8-m20220509 cms:rhel8-m20220512 cms:rhel8-m-m20220512 cms:rhel8-m-m20220514 cms:rhel8-m-m20220516 cms:rhel8-m20220516 cms:rhel8-m-m20220617 cms:rhel8-m-m20220709 cms:rhel8-m-m20220903 cms:rhel8-m-m20221005 cms:rhel8-m-m20221009 cms:rhel8-m cms:rhel8-m20221018 cms:rhel8-m-m20221102 cms:rhel8-m-m20221104 cms:rhel8-m20221104 cms:rhel8-m-m20221113 cms:rhel8-m-m20221112 cms:rhel8-m-m20221203 cms:rhel8-m-m20221216 cms:rhel8-m-m20230223 cms:rhel7-m201911 cms:rhel7-m202001 cms:rhel7-m202002 cms:rhel7-m202006 cms:rhel7-m20200605 cms:rhel7-m20200612 cms:rhel7-m20200615 cms:rhel7-m20200702 cms:rhel7-m20200724 cms:rhel7-m20200812 cms:rhel7-m20200828 cms:rhel7-m20200904 cms:rhel7-m20200918 cms:rhel7-m20201010 cms:rhel7-m20201030 cms:rhel7-m20201113 cms:rhel7-m20201211 cms:rhel7-m20201216 cms:rhel7-m20210205 cms:rhel7-m20210227 cms:rhel7-m20210326 cms:rhel7-m20210423 cms:rhel7-m20210428 cms:rhel7-m20210518 cms:rhel7-m20210604 cms:rhel7-m20210609 cms:rhel7-m20210611 cms:rhel7-m20210617 cms:rhel7-m20210622 cms:rhel7-m20210625 cms:rhel7-m20210630 cms:rhel7-m20210702 cms:rhel7-m20210716 cms:rhel7-m20210723 cms:rhel7-m20210818 cms:rhel7-m20210914 cms:rhel7-m20210917 cms:rhel7-m20210925 cms:rhel7-m20211001 cms:rhel7-m20211005 cms:rhel7-m20211014 cms:rhel7-m20211112 cms:rhel7-m20211126 cms:rhel7-m20211202 cms:rhel7-m20211210 cms:rhel7-m20220114 cms:rhel7-m20220121 cms:rhel7-m20220128 cms:rhel7-m20220204 cms:rhel7-m20220211 cms:rhel7-m20220218 cms:rhel7-m20220305 cms:rhel7-m20220316 cms:rhel7-m20220323 cms:rhel7-m20220325 cms:rhel7-m20220331 cms:rhel7-m20220401 cms:rhel7-m20220415 cms:rhel7-m20220427 cms:rhel7-m20220506 cms:rhel7-m20220512 cms:rhel7-m20221018 cms:rhel7-m20221104 cms:rhel6-m201911 cms:rhel6-m202001 cms:rhel6-m202002 cms:rhel6-m202006 cms:rhel6-m20200605 cms:rhel6-m20200612 cms:rhel6-m20200702 cms:rhel6-m20200724 cms:rhel6-m20200731 cms:rhel6-m20200812 cms:rhel6-m20200828 cms:rhel6-m20200904 cms:rhel6-m20200918 cms:rhel6-m20201010 cms:rhel6-m20201030 cms:rhel6-m20201106 cms:rhel6-m20201113 cms:rhel6-m20210428 cms:rhel6-m20210623 cms:rhel6-m20210630 cms:rhel6-m20210820 cms:rhel6-m20211005 cms:rhel6-m20211126 cms:rhel6-m20220609 cms:rhel6-m20221107 cms:rhel7-itb cms:rhel6-itb cms:rhel7 cms:rhel6 /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/rasa: rasa-x:latest rasa:latest rasa:2.8.15 /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/rjones30: gluextest:latest gluex:latest gluexpro8:latest /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/teamcompas: compas:02.49.01 compas:latest 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compas:02.20.00 compas:02.20.01 compas:02.20.02 compas:02.21.00 compas:02.21.01 compas:02.22.00 compas:02.22.01 compas:02.22.02 compas:02.22.03 compas:02.23.00 compas:02.23.01 compas:02.24.00 compas:02.24.01 compas:02.24.02 compas:02.25.00 compas:02.25.01 compas:02.25.02 compas:02.25.03 compas:02.25.04 compas:02.25.05 compas:02.25.06 compas:02.25.07 compas:02.25.08 compas:02.25.09 compas:02.25.10 compas:02.26.00 compas:02.26.01 compas:02.26.02 compas:02.26.03 compas:02.27.00 compas:02.27.01 compas:02.27.02 compas:02.27.03 compas:02.27.04 compas:02.27.05 compas:02.27.06 compas:02.27.07 compas:02.27.08 compas:02.27.09 compas:02.28.00 compas:02.29.00 compas:02.30.00 compas:02.31.00 compas:02.31.01 compas:02.31.02 compas:02.31.03 compas:02.31.04 compas:02.31.05 compas:02.31.06 compas:02.31.07 compas:02.31.08 compas:02.31.09 compas:02.31.10 compas:02.32.00 compas:02.33.00 compas:02.33.01 compas:02.33.02 compas:02.34.00 compas:02.34.01 compas:02.34.02 compas:02.34.03 compas:02.34.04 compas:02.34.05 compas:02.34.06 compas:02.35.00 compas:02.35.01 compas:02.35.02 compas:02.35.03 compas:02.37.02 compas:02.37.03 compas:02.38.01 compas:02.38.02 compas:02.38.03 ... <중략> ... /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/novaexperiment: el7-tensorflow-gpu:latest nova-sl7-novat2k:scaledasimov nova-sl7-novat2k:v7_pvalue nova-sl7-novat2k:v6c_nightmareplus nova-sl7-novat2k:latest slf67:latest sl7:v1.1.0 sl7:mpichdiy sl7:mini sl7:master sl7:latest nova-sl7-novat2k:v5_setasimov nova-sl7-novat2k:v4_fixcosmicsrock nova-sl7-novat2k:v3_realnddata_cosmics nova-sl7-novat2k:v2_withnorms nova-sl7-novat2k:v1_nonorms nova-sl7-novat2k:poissondata nova-sl7-novat2k:novatest nova-sl7-novat2k:nightmare nova-sl7-novat2k:aborttest nova-sl7-novat2k:2020-10-27_freeze /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/npcooley: synextend:1.18.1 synextend:1.18.0 synextend:1.12.0 synextend:1.10.2 synextend:1.3.2 synextend:1.3.3 synextend:1.3.4 synextend:1.3.5 synextend:1.7.6 synextend:1.7.7 synextend:1.7.8 synextend:1.7.10 synextend:1.7.11 synextend:1.7.14 synextend:1.8.1 synextend:1.8.2 synextend:1.8.3 synextend:1.8.4 synextend:1.8.6 synextend:1.10.1 synextend:latest phylosim:latest deepec:latest heron:latest ... <중략> ... /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/nvidia: opencl:runtime-ubuntu16.04 /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/pytorch: pytorch:1.13.0-cuda11.6-cudnn8-devel pytorch:1.12.1-cuda11.3-cudnn8-devel /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/lammps: lammps:stable_29Sep2021_centos7_openmpi_py3 /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/gromacs: gromacs:2018.2 gromacs:2018.4 gromacs:ci-docs-py27 gromacs:ci-clang-tidy gromacs:ci-clang-tidy-builder gromacs:ci-gcc-5-cuda-10.0 gromacs:ci-clang-6.0 gromacs:ci-docs gromacs:ci-gcc-5 gromacs:ci-gcc-6 gromacs:ci-gcc-7 gromacs:ci-gcc-8 gromacs:ci-clang-6 gromacs:ci-clang-7 gromacs:ci-clang-8 gromacs:dev gromacs:TEST2020612 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.2-SSE2 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.2-AVX_512 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.2-AVX2_256 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.2-AVX_256 gromacs:gmx-2020.3-cuda-10.2-AVX_256 gromacs:gmx-2020.3-cuda-10.2-AVX2_256 gromacs:gmx-2020.3-cuda-10.2-SSE2 gromacs:gmx-2020.3-cuda-10.2-AVX_512 gromacs:gmx-2020.3-cuda-10.2 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.1 gromacs:2019 gromacs:2019.1 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.1-avx2 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.1-sse2 gromacs:gmx-2020.2-cuda-10.1-avx gromacs:2020.2 gromacs:gmx-2020.6-cuda-10.1-avx2 gromacs:gmx-2020.6-cuda-10.1-avx gromacs:gmx-2020.6-cuda-10.1-sse2 gromacs:2020.6 gromacs:gmx-2021.4-cuda-10.1-avx gromacs:gmx-2021.4-cuda-10.1-avx2 gromacs:gmx-2021.4-cuda-10.1-sse2 gromacs:2021.4 gromacs:gmx-2021.5-cuda-10.1-avx2 gromacs:gmx-2021.5-cuda-10.1-avx gromacs:gmx-2021.5-cuda-10.1-sse2 gromacs:gmx-2021.5-cuda-11.6.0-sse2 gromacs:gmx-2021.5-cuda-11.6.0-avx2 gromacs:gmx-2021.5-cuda-11.6.0-avx gromacs:2021.5 gromacs:gmx-2022-cuda-11.6.0-sse2 gromacs:gmx-2022-cuda-11.6.0-avx gromacs:gmx-2022-cuda-11.6.0-avx2 gromacs:2022 gromacs:fftw-3.3.8 gromacs:gmx-2022.2-cuda-11.6.0-avx2 gromacs:gmx-2022.2-cuda-11.6.0-avx gromacs:gmx-2022.2-cuda-11.6.0-sse2 gromacs:2022.2 gromacs:latest /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/continuumio: anaconda:latest /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/mintproject: droughtindices:latest topoflow:36_viz topoflow:latest_viz topoflow:v1_viz topoflow:floodseverityindex_v1 topoflow:36 topoflow:v2 topoflow:viz_v2 topoflow:viz_2 topoflow:2.1.0-1 topoflow:2.2.0 topoflow:2.1.0 topoflow:latest modflow-2005:latest mintviz:latest pihm2cycles:1.1 pihm2cycles:1.2 sentinel:latest hand:develop hand:v2 hand:v2.1.0 hand:v1 hand:latest kimetrica:latest economic:v2 economic:v5 economic:latest dssat:latest cycles:0.9.4-alpha cycles:0.9.3-alpha cycles:0.10.2-alpha cycles:v0.12.9-alpha cycles:latest floodseverityindex:v1 floodseverityindex:latest base-ubuntu18:latest base-ubuntu16:latest ankush:latest weather-generator:latest pihm2cycles:1.0 pihm:v2 pihm:v4 pihm:latest /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/markito3: gluex_docker_prod:latest gluex_docker_devel:latest /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/atlas: athanalysis:21.2.4 analysisbase:21.2.4 /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/lincolnbryant: atlas-wn:latest ... <중략> ... /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/cmsl1tanalysis: cmsl1t:v6-18-04 cmsl1t:0.5.1_root_v6-18-04 cmsl1t-dev:v6-18-04 /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/scipp-atlas/mario-mapyde: /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/rucio: igwn-rucio-client /cvmfs/singularity.opensciencegrid.org/rucio/igwn-rucio-client:
경북대 UI에서 사용시 주의사항
- 보안문제로 cvmfs 외의 이미지는 현재 지원하고 있지 않습니다.
- 따라서 이미지 생성 및 다운로드 등 이미지 사용과 관련된 명령어는 현재 사용할 수 없습니다.
- cvmfs의 특성상 원하는 이미지가 로컬 cache에 저장되어 있지 않다면 파일 다운로드로 인하여 초기 실행에 많은 시간이 필요할 수도 있습니다.
참고문서
- Apptainer 사용자 가이드 : https://apptainer.org/docs/user/main/
- Apptainer 관리자 가이드 : https://apptainer.org/docs/admin/main/